我是Python和Python-Flask的新手，并且遇到了错误。 我正在使用Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS和Python 2.7.15+构建一个python-flask Web应用程序。
安装flask-mysqldb时遇到错误。
$ pip install flask-mysqldb 完整的输出：
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support Processing ./.cache/pip/wheels/fd/c9/ef/e0e99dfcf898bc040267e36c4a414ff0b22239968a25161012/Flask_MySQLdb-0.2.0-cp27-none-any.whl Collecting mysqlclient Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f8/9b/5db9a03e2088a87c26e3e4d4c7f7e8f4c2dbae610f9521cdfac15755a795/mysqlclient-1.4.5.tar.gz Requirement already satisfied: Flask>=0.10 in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from flask-mysqldb) (1.1.1) Requirement already satisfied: click>=5.1 in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from Flask>=0.10->flask-mysqldb) (7.0) Requirement already satisfied: Werkzeug>=0.15 in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from Flask>=0.10->flask-mysqldb) (0.16.0) Requirement already satisfied: itsdangerous>=0.24 in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from Flask>=0.10->flask-mysqldb) (1.1.0) Requirement already satisfied: Jinja2>=2.10.1 in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from Flask>=0.10->flask-mysqldb) (2.10.3) Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from Jinja2>=2.10.1->Flask>=0.10->flask-mysqldb) (1.1.1) Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient Building wheel for mysqlclient (setup.py) ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: /usr/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-OrgtfM --python-tag cp27 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/ Complete output (40 lines): running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-PPrPZj/python2.7-2.7.15=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,4,5,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o MySQLdb/_mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_field_to_python’: MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1142:33: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyInt_FromString’ discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] return PyInt_FromString(rowitem, NULL, 10); ^~~~~~~ In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:89:0, from MySQLdb/_mysql.c:38: /usr/include/python2.7/intobject.h:37:24: note: expected ‘char *’ but argument is of type ‘const char *’ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyInt_FromString(char*, char**, int); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-PPrPZj/python2.7-2.7.15=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-PPrPZj/python2.7-2.7.15=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lz -lm -lrt -latomic -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.so /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcrypto collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient Failed to build mysqlclient Installing collected packages: mysqlclient, flask-mysqldb Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: /usr/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-uh9IqO/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile cwd: /tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/ Complete output (40 lines): running install running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-PPrPZj/python2.7-2.7.15=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,4,5,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o MySQLdb/_mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_field_to_python’: MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1142:33: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyInt_FromString’ discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers] return PyInt_FromString(rowitem, NULL, 10); ^~~~~~~ In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:89:0, from MySQLdb/_mysql.c:38: /usr/include/python2.7/intobject.h:37:24: note: expected ‘char *’ but argument is of type ‘const char *’ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyInt_FromString(char*, char**, int); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-PPrPZj/python2.7-2.7.15=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-PPrPZj/python2.7-2.7.15=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lz -lm -lrt -latomic -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.so /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcrypto collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-Gno8ny/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-uh9IqO/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.` 我还阅读了其他一些问题和解决方案（ https://stackoverflow.com/a/51228348/12403455 ），建议使用以下方法：
mysqlclient‑1.4.5‑cp27‑cp27m‑win_amd64.whl
所以我通过使用以下命令安装了它：
$ pip install mysqlclient-1.4.5-cp27m-win_amd64.whl 并遇到一个错误：
Requirement 'mysqlclient‑1.4.5‑cp27‑cp27m‑win_amd64.whl' looks like a filename, but the file does not exist mysqlclient‑1.4.5‑cp27‑cp27m‑win_amd64.whl is not a valid wheel filename. 我不确定如何解决此问题或如何进行。 任何帮助，将不胜感激。